15 ~ 18 句左右
现在分词做状语
状语，修饰动词或者修饰整个句子 ：时间，地点状语…… in the morning, in China
(1) 主要动词与次要动词先比较，不超前，不落后，同时发生
他常常做在那里，思考这自己的未来
He often sits there.
He thinks about his future.
当2句话主语动词同时发生，可以合并成一句， 主 + 谓 + 宾，doing/ done
He often sits there, thinking about his future
我去北京的时候， 一心想快点赚钱
When I went to Beijing, I hoped to earn quick money.
I went to Beijing, hoping to earn(make) quick money.
我喜欢坐在茶馆里，听着音乐，喝着龙井茶
I love to sit in the teahouses, listening to my music and drinking my Longjing tea.
环顾四周，我震惊地意识到我是车上剩下的唯一乘客
I looked around.
I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus. (left -> leave)
因为后面一句太长，做次要部分有些变扭，所以把后面作为主句，前面作为次要部分
Looking around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on bus.
(2) 有时一个动作和另一个动作不是同时发生，但照顾到两个动作连贯，一气呵成。
他冲了出去，大声叫着
He rushed out, shouting loudly.
过去分词做状语
从紫禁城顶上往下眺望，南京看起来很漂亮
Nanjing is seen from top of the Purple Mountain.
Nanjing looks beautiful.
seen from top of the Purple mountain, Nanjing looks beautiful.
seeing from top of the Purple mountain, we find Naning beautiful.
建于1885年，这是赛场上最老的赛车
The car wasbuilt in 1885. (将主语和 be 动词省去)
It was the oldest car at the race. （中文没有主语，添加主语it）
Built in 1885, it was the oldest car at the race.
英语中过去分词更喜欢放在主语之前，现在分词多放在主语之后
为这个奸邪的世道所伤，他丢下了一切，成为了一个和尚
He was hurt by this evil world.
He abandoned everything/left everything behind, becoming a monk.
hurt by this wicked world, he abandoned everything/left everything behind, becoming a monk.
leave behind 留下；遗留；超过Terribly hurt by this wicked world, he left everything behind and become a monk.(2个动词用and并列)
对这个奸邪的世道已经失望，她纵深跳入河内
Greatly disappointed at(in/ by) the wick world, she jumped into the river.
disappoint v. 使失望
毁于1900年，圆明园去年得以重建
Ruined in 1900，the Old Summer Place was rebuilt last year.
定语从句
(从句也是一个完整的句子:有主 + 谓)
(1)构成方式：先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句
现在站在街角的那个女人可能是我的邻居
probably adv. 很可能
corner n. 角落
The woman who is standing at the street corner is probably my neighbor.
张艺谋因其创造性的想象力而蜚声于海内外，与团队努力奋斗，推出了恢宏的体育盛宴开幕式。
ZYM, who has got a reputation for his creativity and imagination both at home and abroad, worked hard with his team to present the fantastic sport gala opening ceremony.get reputation 得到名誉
creativity and imagination 创造力和想象力
both at home and abroad 在国内外
opening ceremony 开幕式
gala n. 祝贺，庆祝
非限制性定语从结局（加，），表明名词独一无二，物体用which,人用who
我父亲造的那个屋子有20年的历史
The house which my father built has a history of 20 years. (which 做宾语 可以省略)
The house (which) was built by my father has a history of 20 years.
the house built by my father
- 有多少年的历史： have a history of
这是我去年拜访的山村
This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
This is the mountain villagewhereI visited last year. (X)
(2) 关系代词在从句中做成分–主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。
这就是我出生和长大的地方
grow up; be raised; be brought up; be bred;This is the place.
I was born and raised in the place.
This is the place which I was born and raised in. （介词in 要提前）
This is the place in which I was born and raised .
This is the place where I was born and raised. (不正式)
(3) “介词 + 关系代词which” 表示地点 = where; 表时间 = when
我还记得我们相亲的那个冬日
I still remember the winter day.
we had our blind date on the winter day.
I still remember the winter day on which we had our blind date. (on which = when)
非谓语动词
n. 可以修饰 n. 的
分词可以做定语的哦！！！
doing(主动), done（被动）, to do
坐在教室里的一些学生正在准备考试
Some students who are sitting in classroom are preparing for the coming exam.
Some students sitting(分词) in classroom are preparing for the coming(分词做定语) exam
比赛中受伤的那条马腿马上就会康复
The leg which was hurt in the race will recover soon.
The leg hurt in the race will recover soon.
- recover 恢复
- race /reɪs/ n.赛事，赛跑; 种；种族
倒装 （最后一段用）
对于一个年轻人，需要生吃俭用和辛苦工作，只有这样才能以较快的速度积累财富。
a young man needs to save up and work hard. he can accumulate fortune in a quicker way.
means n.方法
mean v. 意思; adj.卑鄙only in this way +(注意之间没有’,’) 倒装（情态动词, be动词, 助主动 提前）
by this means = in this wayA young man needs to save up and work hard. Only by this means can he gather a big fortune in a quicker way.
只有这样，我们才能取得成功；只有这样，我们的社会才能变的更加和谐
Only by this way can we achieve sucess and Only by this means can our society become more harmonious to live in.
强调
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分
是团队合作最终最终使我们取得了成功
Teamwork makes it possible for us to achieve success.
It is teamwork that makes it possible for us to achieve success.
make it possible for sb. to …
I met your mother in the street this morning.
It was I who met your mother in the street this morning.
It was your mother who I mer in the street this morning.
It was in the street that I met …
It was this morning that I met your …
It is respect for other that allows one to gain respect.
虚拟语气
It is important/ vital/ essential/ urgent/ imperative/ necessary that ... (should) 命令的口吻
- imperative /ɪm’perətɪv/ adj. 必要的
我们马上找到他，这是很紧急的。
It is essential that we should find him immediately.
It is imperative that we should take actions to address the quandary.
quandary n. 困惑；窘境；为难
address the quandary
It is important that he be operated on at once.
It is high time that
+过去式+should+do
是时候我们应该客观看待自己
It is high time that we looked at ourselves objectively.
It is high time that we took some measures.