2013 年 12月 第一套
中国园林（the Chinese garden） 是进过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观（landscape）
After …, A 成为 B
园林成为景观
After 3000 years of evolution, the Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape.
become -> became -> become
它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者，商人和卸任官员为摆脱吵杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园
- It includes not only 大型花园 … but also … 私家花园
- 大型花园 for 皇室 to 享乐
- 私家花园 for 学者，商人和官员 to 摆脱…
- It include not only large gardens for royal(/‘rɒɪəl/ 皇家的) family to consume happiness but also private gardens for scholars( /‘skɒlə/ 学者), merchants and retired government officials to avoid the noisy outside world.
这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应该有的和谐关系的微缩景观
- 花园 构成 景观 that 表达 和谐关系 between…
- The gardens have constituted(vt. 组成，构成) a miniature that expresses the harmonious(adj. 和谐的) relationship between man and nature.
典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘，假山（rockwork）,树木，花草，以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑
- … has …
- There are … as well as … which are linked by …/ which link …
- The surrounding of a typical Chinese garden has walls,
- There are ponds, rockworks, trees, and flowers as well as various buildings which are linked by winding trails and corridors.
- various 各种各样的
漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一些列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷(scroll) 一般展现在眼前
- 漫步ing in…,
- People may see 景观 which is like 山水画卷
- Wandering in such a well-design garden,
- People may see the amazing landscape which is like a landscape picture scroll.
- 以后翻译时，“可以”不要翻译成can，替换成 may 不好嘛？
2013 年 12月 第二套题
中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似
- Since 时间, … celebrate … in 时间，
- which is similar to 习俗 of 庆祝ing 感恩节 in 地点
- 时间地点 添加介词放句首或句尾
- Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.
- 自古以来：Since ancient times
过中秋节的习俗在唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日
- 习俗 of 过ing 中秋 has become popular 地点 + 时间
- 中秋节，8月15 of 农历（作为插入语），is a day for people to 拜月
- The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn has become popular all over China in the early Tang dynasty.
- The Mid-Autumn Festival,15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, is a day for people worshiping(崇拜，拜神) the moon.
这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月
- 这天，family members 团聚 and 赏月（夜空的明月）
- At that day, family members get teoghter and enjoy the bright moon in the sky at night.
- On this day, under the dazzling(/‘dæzlɪŋ/ adj. 耀眼的) bright moon, families reunite( /riːjʊ’naɪt/ vt. 使重聚) and enjoy the moon’s beauty.
2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日
- In 2006 , Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China’s cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified(classify v. 分类；分等) as a public holiday.
- China’s cultural heritage
- and 连接两个并列句，相同成分可以省略
- In 2006, the Mid-Autumn was listed as a China cultural heritage, and in 2008 designated as a public holiday. (Mid-Autumn 和 be动词被省略了)
月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。
- 不可或缺的 美食 of 中秋节，被送给 朋友 as gift
- Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were sent to families and friends during the festival as gifts and usually eaten on family gatherings,
- … is treated as …,
- which is used as 礼物 for 亲友
- or which is enjoyed in 家庭聚会
- The moon cake is treated as the indispensable food of the Festival,
- which is often used as gift for relatives (relatives) and friends or enjoyed in the family party.(并列句相同成分省略: which is )
传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。
- There are character of “longevity”, “good fortune” and “harmony” on traditional moon cakes.
- … are imprinted with/ have Chinese characters, such as … or …
- such as … 等， 诸如， 等
- Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with / have Chinese Characters, such as “”
2013 年 12月 第三套题
闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线
- The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West.
- world-renowned 世界知名的 renowned adj. 著名的，有声望
- a series of..
- … is … which 连接 … and …
丝绸之路延伸6000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易
- It extended … , which was named for its …
- The silk Road extends more than 6000 kilometers, which was named for its ancient chinese silk trade.
丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和z中东文明发展中发挥着重要作用
- …贸易 play an important role 在 …
- … 发挥重要作用 in 文明发展 of …
- Trades on the Silk Road played an important role in development of culture in China, South Asia, Europe and Africa.
正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地
- 强调句(it + be + 被强调部分 + that …)，强调 通过丝绸之路 through the Silk Road
- It was 通过丝绸之路 that … were introduce around the world.
- It was through the Silk Road that Chinese papermaking, gunpowder, the compass and the printing press spread all over the world.
- all over the world 全世界
同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，
Similarly, … spread all over the world.
Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world via the Silk Road.
同样的： similarly
物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。
- … is … , Europe 出口 … and … through … to 满足 …
- The exchange of material and culture is mutual, Europe experted various commodities and plants through silk road to meet the needs of chinese market.